Questioned Document Examination
Examining signatures, handwriting, ink, and paper to assess authenticity.
Last reviewed
What does this service cover?
We examine signatures, handwriting, alterations, and physical documents using optical magnification, side-by-side comparison, and ultraviolet and infrared examination to reveal alterations, obliterations and indented writing.
When do you need it?
Disputed signatures on commercial contracts, loan agreements, or company resolutions.
Challenged testamentary documents, wills, and codicils in probate disputes.
Suspected fraudulent alterations, additions, or page substitutions in legal agreements.
DOCUMENT EXAMINATION PROTOCOL
Forensic Document Examination Process
Exhibit Intake & Exemplar Collation
Registering questioned original documents alongside authenticated contemporaneous comparison samples.
Magnified Optical Examination
Magnified examination of line quality, pen lifts, pressure gradients, and stroke sequencing.
UV/IR & Indentation Examination
Ultraviolet and infrared examination to reveal alterations, obliterations and indented writing.
Report & Opinion
Photographic comparison charts and a written opinion, released after senior examiner review.
What do you receive?
A court-ready report with photographic comparison charts and a written opinion. Whether evidence is admitted is decided by the court in each case. Findings are peer-reviewed by a senior examiner in line with our standard operating procedures. Our reports are prepared for use in legal proceedings and have been relied on by Kenyan courts. Expert witness testimony when instructed by counsel or the court.
- Magnified signature and handwriting comparison
- Ultraviolet and infrared examination for alterations and obliterations
- Indented writing and paper physical characteristics analysis
- Reports with photographic comparison charts
FAQ
What do people ask about it?
What examination methods are used for questioned documents?
We work under magnification and with angled light, and use ultraviolet and infrared examination where alterations or indented writing are suspected.
Do you require original documents for examination?
Original documents are always preferred because copies obscure fine line tremor, pressure gradients, and paper indentations. We can examine copies when originals are unavailable, stating any limitations in our report.
Are your document examination reports used in court?
Yes. Reports are written for use in legal proceedings, and our examiners can explain their findings in court when instructed by counsel or the court. Whether evidence is admitted is decided by the court in each case.
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View Park Towers, 20th Floor, Nairobi
+254 701 543 158
Monday–Friday 08:30–17:00 · Saturday 10:00–14:00
Remote consultations available on request.
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